Resource
State AI law tracker
A structured reference to every US state AI law currently in force, scheduled to take effect, pending, or vetoed. Each entry is sourced to the primary legislature or agency page. Updated quarterly.
Enacted laws
Laws that are either already in force or have been signed and have a fixed future effective date.
| State | Law | Status | Effective | Scope | Max penalty | Enforcement | Primary source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Colorado | Consumer Protections for Artificial Intelligence (Colorado AI Act) SB 24-205 (signed May 17, 2024 — Gov. Polis) | Enacted — effective 2026 | Jun 30, 2026 | Developers and deployers of high-risk AI systems making consequential decisions about Colorado consumers (credit, employment, housing, healthcare, education). | Colorado Consumer Protection Act civil penalties (up to $20,000/violation). | Colorado Attorney General (exclusive) | leg.colorado.gov/bills/sb24-205 |
| Texas | Texas Responsible AI Governance Act (TRAIGA) HB 149 (signed Jun 22, 2025 — Gov. Abbott) | Enacted — effective 2026 | Jan 1, 2026 | Intent-based prohibitions on AI systems (manipulation, government social scoring, unlawful discrimination, deepfakes/CSAM); heightened duties on governmental entities. 36-month regulatory sandbox. | $10,000–$12,000 curable; $80,000–$200,000 uncurable; $2,000–$40,000/day continuing; up to $100,000 secondary agency sanctions. | Texas Attorney General (exclusive, 60-day cure period) | capitol.texas.gov — HB 149 enrolled text |
| Illinois | AI in Employment — Illinois Human Rights Act Amendment HB 3773 / Public Act 103-0804 (signed Aug 9, 2024 — Gov. Pritzker) | Enacted — effective 2026 | Jan 1, 2026 | Employers using AI in recruitment, hiring, promotion, discipline, or conditions of employment; disparate impact is sufficient (intent not required); prohibits ZIP code as proxy for protected class. | IHRA civil remedies — back pay, compensatory damages, attorneys fees, civil penalties. | Illinois Department of Human Rights (IDHR); Illinois Human Rights Commission | dhr.illinois.gov — AI in Employment |
| New York City | Automated Employment Decision Tools (AEDT) Local Law 144 of 2021 (enforcement began Jul 5, 2023) | In force | Jul 5, 2023 | NYC employers and employment agencies using automated employment decision tools to screen candidates or employees for hire or promotion. | $500 first violation; $1,500 per subsequent violation; each day = separate violation. | NYC Department of Consumer and Worker Protection (DCWP) | nyc.gov — AEDT official page |
| California | Generative AI: Training Data Transparency AB 2013 (signed Sep 28, 2024 — Gov. Newsom) | Enacted — effective 2026 | Jan 1, 2026 | Developers of any generative AI system publicly available to Californians. Documentation required for systems released on or after January 1, 2022. | No statutory dollar schedule; enforcement via California AG and consumer protection statutes. | California Attorney General / CPPA (via general consumer protection authority) | leginfo.legislature.ca.gov — AB 2013 |
| California | California AI Transparency Act SB 942 (signed Sep 19, 2024 — Gov. Newsom) | Enacted — effective 2026 | Jan 1, 2026 | Covered providers — GenAI systems with >1,000,000 monthly users publicly accessible in California. Requires free AI detection tool; manifest and latent content disclosures; 96-hour license revocation for licensee tampering. | $5,000 per violation; each day of continued violation is a separate violation; attorneys fees. | California Attorney General; city attorneys; county counsel | leginfo.legislature.ca.gov — SB 942 |
| California | Healthcare Provider Generative AI Patient Communication Disclosure AB 3030 (signed Sep 2024 — Gov. Newsom) | In force | Jan 1, 2025 | Health facilities, clinics, physician offices, group practices using GenAI to generate written or verbal patient communications about clinical information. Disclosure exempted when a licensed provider reviews. | Health facility licensure actions; California Medical Board disciplinary action. | California Medical Board; California Department of Public Health; licensing boards | Medical Board of California — GenAI Notification |
| California | Health Care Coverage: Utilization Review — AI Guardrails (Physicians Make Decisions Act) SB 1120 (signed Sep 28, 2024 — Gov. Newsom) | In force | Jan 1, 2025 | Health care service plans, disability insurers, and contractors using AI/algorithm tools for utilization review or utilization management. Medical necessity decisions must be made by a licensed clinician, not AI alone. | DMHC administrative penalties; CDI Insurance Commissioner penalties; willful violation by a health plan is a crime under Knox-Keene Act. | California DMHC; California Department of Insurance (CDI) | leginfo.legislature.ca.gov — SB 1120 |
| Utah | Utah AI Policy Act (AIPA) SB 149 (signed Mar 13, 2024 — Gov. Cox); amended by SB 226 (May 2025) | In force | May 1, 2024 | Consumer-facing AI interactions. General interactions: disclose AI use on clear and unambiguous request. Regulated occupations (attorneys, therapists, financial advisors, healthcare) in high-risk interactions: proactively disclose at session start. | Administrative fines up to $2,500/violation (Utah Division of Consumer Protection); civil penalties up to $5,000/violation for court/admin order breach. | Utah Division of Consumer Protection; Utah Attorney General | le.utah.gov — SB 149 |
| Utah | AI Applications Relating to Mental Health HB 452 (signed Mar 25, 2025 — Gov. Cox) | In force | May 7, 2025 | Suppliers of AI chatbots that provide (or are reasonably believed to provide) mental health therapy. Disclosure before first access, after 7 days of inactivity, and on request. Written policy filed with Utah Division of Consumer Protection. | Up to $2,500/violation (Utah Division of Consumer Protection); $5,000/violation for order breach; disgorgement; injunctive relief. | Utah Division of Consumer Protection | le.utah.gov — HB 452 enrolled |
| Tennessee | Ensuring Likeness, Voice, and Image Security (ELVIS) Act SB 2062 / HB 2091 (signed Mar 21, 2024 — Gov. Lee) | In force | Jul 1, 2024 | Right of publicity — unauthorized use of voice, name, photograph, or likeness for commercial purposes, including AI-generated simulations. Secondary liability for distributors and tools whose primary purpose is unauthorized replication. | Triple damages + attorneys fees; Class A misdemeanor (up to 11 months 29 days; fines up to $2,500); injunctive relief and destruction of infringing materials. | Private right of action; state prosecutors (criminal) | en.wikipedia.org — ELVIS Act summary |
| New York | Responsible AI Safety and Education Act (RAISE Act) S 6953B / A 6453B — Chapter 699 of 2025 (signed Dec 19, 2025 — Gov. Hochul) | Enacted — effective 2027 | Jan 1, 2027 | Frontier AI developers with >$500M annual revenue that have trained a frontier model (>10^26 computational operations at >$100M compute cost). Written safety and security protocol; 72-hour incident reporting; whistleblower protection; academic research excluded. | Up to $1,000,000 first violation; up to $3,000,000 subsequent (per agreed chapter amendments; statute text: $10M / $30M). | New York Attorney General; NY Department of Financial Services (new oversight office) | nysenate.gov — S 6953B |
| Michigan | AI Political Deepfake Law / Materially Deceptive Media in Elections HB 5144 + HB 5141 (signed late 2023 — Gov. Whitmer) | In force | Feb 13, 2024 | Distribution of materially deceptive AI-generated media within 90 days of an election. Safe harbor for content with clearly visible AI-manipulation disclaimer. | Imprisonment + fines up to $1,000; injunctive relief. | State prosecutors; civil enforcement by affected candidates | mofo.com — Michigan AI Library |
| Minnesota | Use of Deep Fake Technology to Influence an Election (Minn. Stat. § 609.771) HF 1370 / SF 1394 (signed May 26, 2023 — Gov. Walz); amended 2024 (HF 4772) | In force | Aug 1, 2023 | Wide dissemination of a deepfake within 90 days of an election with knowledge of falsity and intent to harm a candidate. No disclaimer cures liability. | Up to $100,000 civil penalty (intimate image component); misdemeanor to felony depending on circumstances; forfeiture of candidacy for violating candidates. | Minnesota AG; county/city attorneys; private right of action for injunctive relief | sos.mn.gov — Deep Fake Overview (PDF) |
| Texas | Criminal Offense for Fabricating Deceptive Videos to Influence Elections SB 751 (86th Legislature, signed Jun 14, 2019 — Gov. Abbott) | In force | Sep 1, 2019 | Creation and distribution of a deepfake video within 30 days of an election with intent to influence the election or injure a candidate. | Criminal offense — Class A misdemeanor to felony depending on circumstances. | State prosecutors (criminal only) | capitol.texas.gov — SB 751 text |
| Washington | Synthetic Media in Election Campaigns — Disclosure Requirements SB 5152 (signed 2023 — Gov. Inslee) | In force | 2023 | Electioneering communications distributed within 60 days of an election containing synthetic media must include clear and conspicuous disclosure. | Civil damages (general or special) plus attorneys fees; injunctive relief. | Affected candidates (private right of action); WA Public Disclosure Commission | sos.wa.gov — Deepfake Warning 2024 |
Notable pending bills
Bills introduced or advanced through committee but not yet signed into law. Status subject to change.
| State | Law | Status | Effective | Scope | Max penalty | Enforcement | Primary source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| New York | NY Artificial Intelligence Consumer Protection Act (ALERT Act) A 768 (introduced Jan 8, 2025 — Asm. Bores) | Pending | Proposed Jan 1, 2027 | Proposed: developers and deployers of high-risk AI decision systems (employment, housing, credit, education, health, government). Colorado-style framework. | Not yet specified in current version (likely AG enforcement with civil penalties). | Proposed: New York Attorney General | nysenate.gov — A 768 |
| Massachusetts | Multiple pending AI bills: S 35 (FAIR Act/worker monitoring); S 2630 (MassCompute); S 2631 (election deepfakes); S 2632 (healthcare AI); S 2633 (AI CSAM) Advanced by Joint Committee on Advanced Information Technology Oct 2025 | Pending | TBD 2026 | Proposed: multi-sector — employment AI monitoring, AI governance entity, election deepfake criminalization, healthcare AI limits, AI CSAM expansion. | TBD by each bill. | TBD | mass.gov — Massachusetts Law About AI |
| Maryland | Consumer Protection — Artificial Intelligence HB 1331 (introduced Feb 7, 2025 — Del. Qi) | Pending | TBD 2026 | Proposed: developers and deployers of high-risk AI systems in consequential decisions (housing, employment, financial services, health, education, criminal justice). | Proposed: unfair trade practice penalties under Maryland Consumer Protection Act (MCPA). No private right of action in current bill text. | Proposed: Maryland Attorney General | mgaleg.maryland.gov — HB 1331 |
Vetoed bills
Bills that passed the legislature but were vetoed by the governor. Included for historical and comparative context.
| State | Law | Status | Effective | Scope | Max penalty | Enforcement | Primary source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Virginia | High-Risk Artificial Intelligence Developer and Deployer Act HB 2094 — VETOED Mar 24, 2025 by Gov. Youngkin | Vetoed | — | Would have imposed impact assessment, risk management, and algorithmic discrimination duties on developers/deployers of high-risk AI — similar to Colorado AI Act. Vetoed for innovation and cost concerns (~$30M estimated compliance burden). | — | — | davispolk.com — Virginia HB 2094 veto |
Federal preemption context
No comprehensive federal AI statute has been enacted. The House-passed “One Big Beautiful Bill” (H.R. 1) contained a 10-year moratorium on state AI regulation; the Senate voted 99–1 to strip the moratorium before passage in July 2025, and the enacted bill contains no AI preemption provisions.
On 11 December 2025, President Trump signed an executive order directing the creation of a DOJ AI Litigation Task Force to challenge state AI laws on constitutional grounds, a Commerce Department evaluation of “onerous” state AI laws, and conditioning of federal broadband (BEAD) funding on states not passing such laws. The order does not directly preempt state law. As of the last-updated date above, all enacted state AI laws on this page remain legally operative.
Sources: Alston & Bird · Sidley Austin · Goodwin Law — Federal AI Moratorium
Related reading
The Texas AI Act (TRAIGA) compliance guide
Every prohibited practice, penalty tier, and the 60-day cure period — with the NIST AI RMF affirmative defense.
Colorado AI Act framework page
High-risk AI system duties for developers and deployers under SB 24-205 — effective 30 June 2026.
NIST AI Risk Management Framework
The US-origin AI risk framework that is the leading safe-harbor reference under TRAIGA and Colorado.
AI Impact Assessment template
Download a free, branded 13-page AIIA template mapped to NIST AI RMF, ISO 42001, and EU AI Act Article 27.